View source for Lens/Geometry/de

Todo: übersetzen

Seite angelegt und Überschrift übersetzt, um sie zu refernzieren

[[User:Fherb|fherb]] ([[User talk:Fherb|talk]]) 12.3.2017

----

= Linsen- und Geometriekorrektur =

To keep the preview fast, RawTherapee uses the preview image of the current zoom level when applying these transformations. Because of this, the preview image can become soft. Lets assume you are editing a Nikon D700 image: 4256×2832px (that's 12.1 megapixels), and the preview image's size is 600x400px. Rotating it 5° will not be the same as rotating the full 12.1Mp image and then scaling it down to 600x400px. The former will be softer than the latter, though rotating the former will take less time than rotating the latter, which is why RawTherapee does that. But don't worry, when saving the image RawTherapee uses the full resolution image, so it will be sharp. If you zoom the preview in, then RawTherapee will use this higher resolution preview image when calculating the transformation, so to see what the saved file will look like, just zoom in to 100% [[image:Gtk-zoom-100.png]].

== Auto-Fill ==
[[Image:Lensgeometry bluehorse barrel distortion correction.jpg|900px|thumb|Barrel distortion correction leaves black empty space in image periphery.]]
[[Image:Lensgeometry bluehorse barrel distortion correction autofill.jpg|900px|thumb|"Auto-fill" enlarges the image to fill in the empty space.]]
This option will upscale or downscale the photo to the extent that the whole image fits within the image boundaries with no black borders visible.

When correcting images that suffer from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distortion_(optics) barrel distortion], "Auto-fill" will perform downscaling to fit as much of the re-projected image as possible into the image boundaries, so that you don't unnecessarily lose any parts of the image. Conversely if the image suffers from pincushion distortion, "Auto-Fill" will upscale the corrected image to fill the frame without black borders around the periphery.

<br style="clear: both">
== Auto-Crop ==
[[Image:Lensgeometry bluehorse autocrop after distortion correction.jpg|900px|thumb|"Auto-Crop" applied after distortion correction.]]
[[Image:Lensgeometry bluehorse autocrop after rotation.jpg|900px|thumb|"Auto-Crop" applied after image rotation.]]
"[[image:Crop-auto.png]] Auto-Crop" is available when "Auto-fill" is disabled. When activated, it will not cause image interpolation, but instead will crop away the empty space left by the distortion correction or image rotation.

<br style="clear: both">
== Rotate ==
[[image:rotate.jpg|900px|thumb|Example of image rotation.]]
Rotate the image between -45° and +45°. Use the "[[image:Straighten.png]] Select Straight Line" button to set either a vertical or a horizontal image alignment. Use the mouse to draw this line - click and hold mouse to start, move to draw a new vertical or horizontal axis and release to engage image rotation.

<br style="clear: both">
== Perspective ==
[[Image:perspective_horizontal.jpg|900px|thumb|Example of horizontal perspective correction.]]
[[Image:perspective_vertical.jpg|900px|thumb|Example of vertical perspective correction.]]
; Horizontal
: When your picture was taken while you were slightly off-center of the object, you can correct this (within certain limits) with the horizontal slider.
; Vertical
: Very useful to correct 'falling lines', e.g. when photographing architecture. Higher values for both sliders produce heavy distortion, so use with care. Or don't care at all and have fun!

<br style="clear: both">
== Lens Correction Profile ==
Adobe provides and offers tools to create and share what are called Lens Correction Profiles. These are text files which describe the distortion, vignetting and chromatic aberrations (CA) of a lens, so that simply loading this file in LCP-capable software such as RawTherapee will correct these issues. Select an [http://www.adobe.com/products/photoshop/extend.displayTab2.html#resources Adobe LCP] file (read the guide on [[How_to_get_LCP_and_DCP_profiles | how to get LCP profiles]]) to automatically correct geometric distortion, vignetting and lateral chromatic aberrations.

The Lens Correction Profile tool's distortion correction feature can be used together with the manual [[Lens/Geometry#Distortion_Correction|Distortion Correction]] tool, and the vignetting correction feature can be used together with the manual [[Lens/Geometry#Vignetting_Correction|Vignetting Correction]] tool. This lets you use the manual controls in addition to the LCP profile for artistic reasons or if the LCP fails to sufficiently correct a parameter (which happens on some extreme distortion occasions, like with some heavily distorting compact cameras). Be careful that you don't overdo the distortion and vignetting correction by forgetting to turn the manual tools off if you use the LCP equivalents.
The vignetting correction feature however is linked to the [[Flat Field]] tool, so that when you select a flat-field image then the LCP's vignetting correction will have no effect. 

The following restrictions apply:
* Distortion, vignetting and chromatic aberration correction are all supported in raw files, but only distortion correction is supported in non-raw files.
* While distortion correction is visible in the full image preview, chromatic aberration and distortion correction are not reflected in the detail crop windows, only in the fully processed result image. Auto-filling is also not supported.
* Chromatic aberration correction is only supported if the Exif information contains the focus distance (e.g. in DNGs from Nikon files).
* Auto-Fill is disabled when an LCP with distortion correction is enabled, otherwise the preview may become distorted - see [https://github.com/Beep6581/RawTherapee/issues/1791 bug 1791].
* To keep the preview fast and responsive, the main preview image is used to show the effects of the LCP. As this image is small (exactly the size you see), fixing the distortions will make it appear a little blurry. This has no effect on your saved image, which will be sharp, and so will the zoomed-to-100% preview. Only the zoomed-out preview that will look soft. See [https://code.google.com/p/rawtherapee/issues/detail?id=2186 feature request 2186].

As with any other tool, you can apply an LCP to multiple images either by including it in the processing profile (see [[Creating processing profiles for general use]]), or by selecting multiple images where the same lens was used (you can use the Metadata Filter in the File Browser tab to make this easier) and applying the LCP from the File Browser tab.

Raw images from bridge-type cameras often show very strong vignetting in the corners, and strong distortion, while the JPEG images do not show this. The way these cameras deal with the vignetting problem is by fixing the distortion which pushes the corners further out beyond the image borders. They are then simply cropped off. Do not expect to fix this strong corner vignetting problem seen in bridge-type cameras by using LCP profiles - often the corners do not contain any actual image data, just the blurred, dark corners of your lens hood. Do as the camera does, and eliminate vignetting by fixing the distortion which will push the vignetting out of view. Make sure ''Auto-fill'' is enabled, so that the parts which get pushed out of view remain discarded.

<br style="clear: both">

== Distortion Correction ==
[[Image:Rt distortion correction.png|framed|right|This button has been renamed to "''Automatic''" in RawTherapee 5.]]
Corrects lens distortion. A negative number corrects barrel distortion, a positive value will correct pincushion distortion. You can place a grid over the image by activating [[Crop]] (without cropping) and using "''Guide Type > Grid''". This may serve as a guide to correct lens distortion.

The "''Automatic''" button only works if your camera corrected the distortion of the JPEG image embedded in the raw file (most cameras embed a JPEG image in every raw file, and some cameras correct the distortion of that image too). What this feature does is it looks at the JPEG image and, if it was corrected, tries to fix distortion in the raw image by making it match the JPEG image. There are two limitations:
* If the JPEG image was not distortion-corrected by your camera, this button will have no effect.
* If the JPEG image is insufficiently corrected or over-corrected, so will the results be, but as the computed correction will be shown on the ''Amount'' slider, you can further refine it manually.

<br style="clear: both">

== Chromatic Aberration Correction ==
[[Image:chromatic_aberration_auto1.jpg|900px|thumb|400% zoom showing correction of CA.]]
[[Image:chromatic_aberration_auto2.jpg|900px|thumb|CA easily visible even at 100% corrected.]]
This "Chromatic Aberration Correction" tool in the ''Transform'' tab works on the image '''after''' demosaicing. The [[Chromatic Aberration]] tool in the ''Raw'' tab works on the image '''before''' demosaicing.

Chromatic aberration can be corrected by using the "Red" and "Blue" sliders. Normally you won't see any chromatic aberration in the fit-to-screen preview, therefore it is highly recommended to open a detail window [[image:New-detail-window.png]] or to zoom the main preview in to 100% [[image:Gtk-zoom-100.png]] or more when you attempt this kind of correction. As in other software tools, this algorithm eliminates moderate chromatic aberration quite well. Do not expect miracles with images having extremely high chromatic aberration - garbage in, garbage out.

<br style="clear: both">
== Vignetting Correction ==
Vignetting means light fall-off in the corners of the image, making them darker than the center. One of the differences between a cheap telephoto lens and an expensive one is that the former is likely to produce vignetting, while the latter will not (or less). The "Vignetting Correction" tool is meant to correct vignetting caused by the lens, regardless of the [[Crop]]. This tool is not intended for artistic vignetting; use the [[Vignetting Filter]] tool for that.

; Amount
: Setting the "Amount" slider to a positive value brightens the four edges of the images to correct the classical vignetting. Setting it to a negative value darkens them.
; Radius
: Influences how much of the image beginning from the edges will be brightened or darkened. Lower values: area of darkening is bigger; higher values: area of darkening is smaller.
; Strength
: Amplifies the settings of the "Amount" and "Radius" sliders. Set "Amount" to -100, "Radius" to 50 and move "Strength" from 1 to 100 to see how this works.